abstract：BACKGROUND:Injury and tobacco effects represent one-quarter of the global burden of disease. Understanding the causes of injury and the effects of smoking may help reduce those burdens. Some smokers have high risks of injury. We provide an initial meta-analysis of cohort associations between smoking and fatal injury. ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Leistikow BN,Martin DC,Jacobs J,Rocke DM

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study examined the potential for tobacco use and other health risk behavior interventions in the context of an urban sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey of two populations. Adolescents seen at an STD clinic or at the teen clinic of a community health center comp...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： MacKenzie TD,Steiner JF,Davidson AJ,Marine WM,Judson FN

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cancer Information Service (CIS) was established in 1975 by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to provide accurate, up-to-date information about cancer to the nation. Although the CIS has in the past served as a venue for cancer communications research, up until very recently the research capacity of the CIS was ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Marcus AC,Morra ME,Bettinghaus E,Crane LA,Cutter G,Davis S,Rimer BK,Thomsen C,Warnecke RB

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This paper compares the health promotion/disease prevention services received by veterans who reported receiving 90%+ of their care inside Veterans Health Administration (VA) facilities with counterparts who reported receiving 90%+ of their care outside VA facilities. Results are compared with the U.S. Healt...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Rabiner DJ,Branch LG,Sullivan RJ

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Participant recruitment is an understudied part of health research. It can be a limiting factor and can affect the external validity of a study. This study compares two recruitment methods, active and passive, used to recruit university seniors into a health promotion study. METHODS:During active recruitmen...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Sarkin JA,Marshall SJ,Larson KA,Calfas KJ,Sallis JF

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The impact of maternal employment on preventive child health practices has not been studied empirically. Using a household production model, we investigated the relationship between level of maternal employment and child immunization status, use of automobile seat belts, and use of bicycle helmets. METHODS:...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Coreil J,Wilson F,Wood D,Liller K

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The AIDS epidemic has profoundly affected public health policy and everyday choices of individuals. Understanding the self-protective strategies adopted by the general population is crucial to designing appropriate and more effective primary AIDS prevention strategies. METHODS:A probability sample of the U....

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Feinleib JA,Michael RT

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of a treatment involving brief counseling and the nicotine patch among hospital inpatients and to identify variables associated with long-term smoking cessation following hospitalization. METHODS:One hundred eighty-five patients were randomly assig...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Lewis SF,Piasecki TM,Fiore MC,Anderson JE,Baker TB

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents a conceptual framework that has guided three randomized, controlled early intervention trials designed to improve cognitive development and social competence in high-risk young children from birth to 3 years of age. Two of the projects (Abecedarian and CARE) enrolled infants from economically and s...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Ramey CT,Ramey SL

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite tremendous gains in our understanding of the development of memory during the infancy period, relatively little is known about the neural bases of early memory. This is unfortunate, as elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate changes in memory would likely yield important insight into the concep...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Nelson CA

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that substance use disorders are prevalent among inpatients of general medical hospitals. These studies were limited in the validity of their measures, their failure to distinguish between current and lifetime disorders, or their lack of attention to drugs other than alcohol. MET...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Brown RL,Leonard T,Saunders LA,Papasouliotis O

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we review the published literature with respect to cervical cancer screening intervention research. Mass media campaigns appear to work best in promoting cervical cancer screening when multiple media are used, when they promote specific screening programs that eliminate or reduce access barriers, or when...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Marcus AC,Crane LA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This paper identifies factors that predict achievement of a low-fat diet among 242 California adults with low literacy skills, following their participation in the Stanford Nutrition Action Program (SNAP), a randomized classroom-based nutrition intervention trial (1993-1994). METHODS:The intervention classe...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Winkleby MA,Howard-Pitney B,Albright CA,Bruce B,Kraemer HC,Fortmann SP

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This 1-year randomized trial tested the efficacy of behavioral techniques for increasing mammography referrals by primary care physicians in small, community practices. METHODS:Sixty-one practices were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) education-only control, (2) education plus cue enhanceme...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Grady KE,Lemkau JP,Lee NR,Caddell C

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The agenda for behavioral and social science research in cancer prevention and control needs to be assessed and interpreted within the context of a changing health care system. These changes present potential opportunities and barriers to an evolving research agenda. Opportunities include access to defined populations...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Kaluzny AD

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although several epidemiologic investigations have suggested a protective role of green tea against cardiovascular diseases and cancer, few studies examined how consumption of green tea was associated with intake of other dietary factors. METHODS:In the winters of 1989-1991, 880 men ages 40-49 years were ra...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Tsubono Y,Takahashi T,Iwase Y,Iitoi Y,Akabane M,Tsugane S

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study determines if body composition and lifestyle are risk factors for low radius-bone mineral density (R-BMD) and evaluates the role of body composition in the age-related decline of R-BMD. METHODS:Data on age, menopausal status, fat mass, lean body mass (LBM), drinking, smoking, and occupation were ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Takada H,Washino K,Iwata H

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Because of the ban on oral contraceptive use in Japan, only high-dose combined pills (HDCP), permitted as treatment for menstrual disorders, can be used as a contraceptive. We determined the prevalence of the use of such preparations in a community in Japan and assessed the health characteristics of the user...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Nagata C,Matsushita Y,Inaba S,Kawakami N,Shimizu H

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although numerous studies have examined repeat mammography, they provide limited information about actual patterns of women's behavior over time. METHODS:In this study, 128 asymptomatic women ages 50 to 75 who had had their first mammograms 15 to 27 months previously were interviewed to determine rates of r...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Jepson C,Barudin JL,Weiner JR

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important public health goal. This paper identifies the linkage between young people's exposure at home and household smoking restrictions, and suggests the promotion of such restrictions as a strategy to reduce health risks. METHODS:...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Biener L,Cullen D,Di ZX,Hammond SK

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We have evaluated high-risk behavior of adolescents 12 to 17 years of age on the basis of seven binomial psychosocial variables in order to assess whether there is a tendency of these variables to cluster in the same individuals and to identify socioeconomic covariates of risky behavior. METHODS:Study parti...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Petridou E,Zavitsanos X,Dessypris N,Frangakis C,Mandyla M,Doxiadis S,Trichopoulos D

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Findings from the Life Span Study (LSS) of the health effects of exposure to atomic bomb radiation have documented a strong dose-response relation between radiation exposure and breast cancer incidence. PURPOSE:We analyzed data from the LSS cohort to identify nonradiation risk factors for breast cancer and ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Goodman MT,Cologne JB,Moriwaki H,Vaeth M,Mabuchi K

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated the associations between putative occupational and epidemiologic determinants and influenza vaccine acceptance among health care workers during two consecutive seasons. METHODS:Multiple logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance during 1991-1992, then...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Doebbeling BN,Edmond MB,Davis CS,Woodin JR,Zeitler RR

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Study of gene-environment interaction is important for improving accuracy and precision in the assessment of both genetic and environmental influences. This overview presents a simple definition of gene-environment interaction and suggests study designs for detecting it. Gene-environment interaction is defined as "a d...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Ottman R

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A significant percentage of the U.S. population has multiple poor health behaviors. Understanding the relationship among these behavioral risk factors is important for designing effective multiple risk factor interventions. While there is some evidence suggesting that participation in physical exercise may h...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： King TK,Marcus BH,Pinto BM,Emmons KM,Abrams DB

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Raised serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with conditions at high risk for coronary heart disease. SUA levels can be partly modified by the diet, but little is known about the association of SUA with several dietary factors, particularly the quality of ingested lipids. METHODS:The associations betw...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Russo C,Olivieri O,Girelli D,Guarini P,Corrocher R

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported high interest in genetic testing for risk for colon or breast-ovarian cancer. These studies, however, have used samples which might be atypical with regard to level of interest evident among the general U.S. population. METHODS:As part of an annual statewide telephone health s...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Andrykowski MA,Munn RK,Studts JL

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of fat reduction on vitamin and mineral density in the diets of groups of children who participated in the CATCH school-based intervention study for 2 1/2 years. METHODS:Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected on 1,182 children residing in four sta...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Nicklas TA,Dwyer J,Mitchell P,Zive M,Montgomery D,Lytle L,Cutler J,Evans M,Cunningham A,Bachman K,Nichaman M,Snyder P

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study aims at identifying determinants of all-cause mortality in elderly populations of different countries. METHODS:Men ages 65-84 years from defined administrative areas were enrolled in Finland (rural areas of east and west Finland; N = 693), in the Netherlands (the town of Zutphen; N = 851), and in...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Menotti A,Kromhout D,Nissinen A,Giampaoli S,Seccareccia F,Feskens E,Pekkanen J,Tervahauta M

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nutrition education tailored to individual characteristics of people might be more effective than general nutrition education. Nowadays, the use of computers makes individualized feedback available for larger groups. METHODS:The impact of tailored nutrition information on changes in fat, vegetable, and frui...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Brug J,Steenhuis I,van Assema P,de Vries H

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess Pap smear utilization and compliance with screening recommendations, a study was conducted in a large midwestern HMO where cost is not a barrier to care. The purpose of the study was to examine rates of screening by age, identify the proportion of abnormal cytologic findings, and determine screenin...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Rolnick S,LaFerla JJ,Wehrle D,Trygstad E,Okagaki T

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although colorectal cancer is not one of the major tobacco-related cancers, a possible association with tobacco has been suggested following the observation of a relationship between cigarette smoking and colorectal adenomas. The issue of a long latency of tobacco on colorectal carcinogenesis has also been s...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： D'Avanzo B,La Vecchia C,Franceschi S,Gallotti L,Talamini R

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study examines the relationship between smoking cessation and absence from work by analyzing data collected from a large sample of ex-smokers. In particular, it is hypothesized that if smoking cessation is of benefit for work attendance, the incidence of absence should be inversely related to the amount...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Wooden M,Bush R

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to tobacco and alcohol advertising has been associated with adolescent substance use. However, it is not clear whether favorable reactions to advertising are an antecedent to or a consequence of substance use. This study investigated relationships between adolescents' levels of susceptibility to sub...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Unger JB,Johnson CA,Rohrbach LA

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Smokers who identified smoking cessation as the primary activity they could undertake to improve their health were compared with smokers who did not identify smoking cessation. Examined factors included personal characteristics, health status, smoking attitudes and behaviors, and social factors. METHODS:Sub...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Ratner PA,Johnson JL,Bottorff JL

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Whereas self-efficacy expectations have been identified as important determinants of exercise participation patterns, little empirical work that examines efficacy expectations as outcomes of exercise participation or their theoretical relationship to other psychological outcomes associated with exercise has ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： McAuley E,Bane SM,Mihalko SL

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research conducted over several decades demonstrates rather convincingly that seven health practices predict future mortality rates, morbidity, and disability. The current study was designed to determine the extent to which these health practices predict more proximal wellness and illness factors. METHOD:Da...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Donaldson SI,Blanchard AL

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To address the question of whether serum cotinine is a better measure of cigarette smoking than self-reported behavior by examining the relation of biochemical, physical examination, and depression assessments to self-reported cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in a population-based sample. METHODS:Se...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Pérez-Stable EJ,Benowitz NL,Marín G

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational diseases share many common characteristics with infectious diseases. However, the successful approach of using surveillance systems to eradicate infectious diseases has never been applied to the control and prevention of occupational diseases. METHODS:On the basis of a nationwide survey of bloo...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Wu TN,Shen CY,Yang GY,Liou SH,Ko KN,Chiang HC,Lai JS,Ho CK,Chang PY

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few factors related to healthy or unhealthy eating habits in low-income, ethnic minority groups have been identified. In this study, factors associated with healthy and unhealthy eating habits and intent to change eating habits were examined in a sample of low-income Black and Latino women. METHODS:Survey q...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Sanders-Phillips K

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00